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THE DRY MOAT
MINOR STEP PYRAMIDS

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The Dry Moat appears on aerial photographs published: 1924 to the early 1950ies.
Like the Step Pyramid Complex it is oriented 4° east of north.

The plan above was drawn according to those phtographs and the following :

Selim Hassan, excavated the east end of the inner south chanel.
Zaki Iskander, published what remained of Selim Hassan’s note in a salvage endever.
Zaki Saad, carried out the huge excavation of the mid part of the south chanel; in the photo appears Tarek Swelim.
Ahmed Moussa, reported 40 meters of a cut in the the bed rock at area of the tomb of Ptah Hotep, the west chanel.
Karol Mysliwiec, excavated the top part of the west chanel.
The previous works before the Polish mission, were completed without any knowledge of the existance of the Dry Moat

The great Dry Moat surrounding the step pyramid complex
الخندق المحيط بمجموعة الهرم المدرج

My announcement of the existence of a great dry moat surrounding the step pyramid complex at the 4th congress of Egyptologists in Munich 1985

References: IAE abstract papers, Munich 1985

The Dry Moat of the Netjerykhet Complex
خندق مجموعة نترخت

A description of the dry moat as a stage of devlopment of of similar features in the Early Dynastic Period and lingering presence in the Old Kingdom

References: Pyramid Studies and Other Essays Presented to I.E.S. Edwards, London, 1988.

The Dry Moat, the South Rock Wall Of the Inner South Channel Timelines, Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak
لخندق المحيط بمجموعة الهرم المدرج ,الحائط الصخرى للقناة الجنوبية الخارجية

Festschrift of Manfred Bietak; At the bottom of the south rock wall of the innersouth channel; some spectacular compartments were tunnelled at 4 levels

References: Timelines, Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak Volume 1, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 149, 2006

A presentation on :The Dry Moat of the step pyramid complex
عرض مصور للخندق الجاف حول مجموعة الهرم المدرج بسقارة

A presentation delivered many times over the years 2006- 2009; illustrating the features in the published material; with results reached by the Polish mission at the west channel of the Dry Moat

References: Home library

GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DRY MOAT OF THE NETJERYKHET COMPLEX IN SAQQARA
دراسات جيوفيزيقيه عن خندق مجموعه نتري خت

TOMASZ HERBICH AND ALEKSANDER JAGODZIÑSKI

References: MAN – MILLENNIA – ENVIRONMENT STUDIES IN HONOUR OF ROMUALD SCHILD EDITED BY Zofia Sulgostowska and Andrzej Jacek Tomaszewski WARSAW 2008